Как настроить vsftpd на Ubuntu

Коротко

apt install -y vsftpd
systemctl start vsftpd
systemctl enable vsftpd

# cat /etc/vsftpd.conf
local_enable=YES
chroot_local_user=YES
user_sub_token=$USER
local_root=/home/$USER/ftp
user_sub_token=$USER
local_root=/home/$USER/ftp
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.user_list
userlist_deny=NO
pasv_enable=Yes
pasv_address=XX.XX.XX.XX
pasv_min_port=30100
pasv_max_port=30200

Так выглядит файл /etc/vsftpd.user_list

# cat /etc/vsftpd.user_list
zander

adduser zander
mkdir -p /home/zander/ftp/zander
chmod 550 /home/zander/ftp
chmod 750 /home/zander/ftp/zander/
chown -R zander: /home/zander/ftp
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\necho "This account is limited to FTP access only."' | sudo tee -a /bin/ftponly
sudo chmod a+x /bin/ftponly
echo "/bin/ftponly" | sudo tee -a /etc/shells
usermod zander -s /bin/ftponly
systemctl restart vsftpd.service

Открыть порты 21, 30100 – 30200 в pfsense

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
#listen_ipv6=NO
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
#connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO

#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
#utf8_filesystem=YES
user_sub_token=$USER
local_root=/home/$USER/ftp
user_sub_token=$USER
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.user_list
userlist_deny=NO
pasv_enable=Yes
pasv_address=yourPublicIP
pasv_min_port=30100
pasv_max_port=30200
log_ftp_protocol=YES
vsftpd_log_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
session_support=YES
dual_log_enable=YES

Подробно

Установить и запустить vsftpd

# apt install -y vsftpd
# systemctl start vsftpd
# systemctl enable vsftpd

Изменения в /etc/vsftpd.conf:
Прежде чем вносить какие-либо изменения в конфигурационный файл, скопировать образец для возможности отката изменений без переустановки пакета

# sudo cp /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.conf.orig

Для аутентификации локальных пользователей надо раскоментировать строчку

local_enable=YES

Запрет входа анаонимных пользователей

anonymous_enable=NO

По умолчанию vsftpd настроен на аутентификацию системных пользователей с возможностью получать файлы. Если вы хотите пользователям разрешить загружать файлы:

write_enable=YES

Ограничение пользователей. В /etc/vsftpd.conf существуют опции, помогающие сделать vsftpd более безопасным. Например, данная опция позволяет поместить локального пользователя в chroot() «заточение», выше которого (по дереву каталогов) он не сможет подняться.

chroot_local_user=YES

По умолчанию из соображений безопасности, когда включен chroot, vsftpd откажется загружать файлы, если каталог, в котором заблокированы пользователи, доступен для записи.
Создать каталог ftp внутри дома пользователя, который будет служить корневым каталогом и каталогом загрузки с возможностью записи для загрузки файлов:

user_sub_token=$USER
local_root=/home/$USER/ftp

Вы можете настроить vsftpd, чтобы разрешить вход по ftp только определенным пользователям. Для этого добавьте следующие строки в конец файла:

userlist_enable=YES
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.user_list
userlist_deny=NO

Создайте /etc/vsftpd.user_list, содержащий список пользователей, которым разрешен вход по ftp по одному на строку. Другие пользователи зайти по ftp не смогут

#  cat /etc/vsftpd.user_list
zander

Создание FTP пользователя

# adduser zander
# mkdir -p /home/zander/ftp/zander
# chmod 550 /home/zander/ftp
# chmod 750 /home/zander/ftp/zander/
# chown -R zander: /home/zander/ftp

Пользователь zander сможет записывать файлы только в директорию /home/zander/ftp/zander/

Запрет Shell Access

Создать файл /bin/ftponly и сделать его исполняемым:

# echo -e '#!/bin/sh\necho "This account is limited to FTP access only."' | sudo tee -a /bin/ftponly
# chmod a+x /bin/ftponly

Добавить ноый shell в спсиок доступных shells в /etc/shells file:

# echo "/bin/ftponly" | sudo tee -a /etc/shells

Изменить  пользовательский shell на /bin/ftponly:

# usermod zander -s /bin/ftponly

Перезагрузите vsftpd:

# systemctl restart vsftpd.service

https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-setup-ftp-server-with-vsftpd-on-ubuntu-20-04/

Passive FTP Connections

Passive FTP Connections. By default, vsftpd uses active mode. To use passive mode, set the minimum and maximum range of ports in /etc/vsftpd.conf:

pasv_enable=Yes
pasv_address=XX.XX.XX.XX
pasv_min_port=30100
pasv_max_port=30200

Открыть порты 21, 30100 – 30200 в pfsense

You can use any port for passive FTP connections. When the passive mode is enabled, the FTP client opens a connection to the server on a random port in the range you have chosen

To establish a data connection for a file transfer or a directory listing, an FTP client (in the passive FTP mode) sends PASV command to the server. The server responds with its IP address and port number. The client should connect to that IP/port to initiate the transfer.

It’s quite common though that the FTP server is behind a NAT. And it’s aware of its local address within its NATted network only. When it reports such IP address to a client outside the NAT, the IP address is obviously of little use. It’s clearly a misconfiguration of the FTP server. The FTP server must report its external IP address, that can be used outside the NATted networks.

As this is unfortunately a common issue, many FTP clients try to detect this (by checking that the reported IP address is within the range of addresses reserved for local communications within a private network). FileZilla does too and reports the mentioned message. You should see the offending address in the FileZilla log:

2017-04-05 08:02:00 12064 3 Command: PASV
2017-04-05 08:02:00 12064 3 Response: 227 Entering Passive Mode (10,0,0,1,213,36).

First 4 numbers are the IP addresses – 10,0,0,1,213

the last two are: p1 and p2 from RFC of ftp: http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc959.html

to get port, use:

p1 * 256 + p2 = 231*256 + 36 = 59172

When encountering this, FileZilla tries to connect to the primary address of the FTP server instead, as that is usually the correct address to use. So in most cases, you won’t notice the problem at all.

Though as you mention that “Browsing is nearly impossible”, it looks like that it does not help. If that’s the case, most usual problem is that some firewall (or the NAT) on the way between you and the server blocks the connection attempt to the data port (as reported in the response to the PASV command).

See my article about Network configuration for FTP passive mode for details.

https://infoit.com.ua/linux/kak-ustanovit-ftp-server-na-linux-mint-20

Дополнительно

FileZilla — бесплатный FTP клиент https://filezilla.ru/

Возможные проблемы при установке

I ran sudo apt-get install vsftpd and that was successful. But I cannot find the vsftpd.conf file anywhere. I thought it was supposed to be in /etc/vsftpd.conf.

You’ve a weird issue, try clearing you cache, update your repository information and install it again:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall vsftpd

If this did not work, purge vsftpd (remove it including its configuration files) and reinstall it:

sudo apt-get purge vsftpd
sudo apt-get install vsftpd